Scienze Naturali, Scienze dei Sistemi Naturali,
Evoluzione del comportamento animale e dell’uomo

interactions between the different components of nature.

The student will be able to set up a conservation project in an area of special natural interest, starting from the analysis of the operation and the identification of emergencies, problems, issues and specific environmental dynamics. Will then be able to develop basic skills with a minimal program of intervention consistent over time and space, with the objectives of conservation and protection of the same resources, with particular attention to the physical and biological components of natural and landscape, using the appropriate means of protection and management. Will then acquire basic knowledge and methods of analysis for the study, assessment and protection of environmental resources, as seen in its complexity, with particular regard to biodiversity and the interactions between the different components of nature.

Acquisition of skills on basic concepts of the subject, with particular reference to the structural and functional complexity of natural systems, interaction with humans and sustainability. Ability to identification, description and classification of critical issues and environmental emergencies. Ability to define possible proposals for
action to protect, restore, and environmental governance. Evaluation of different scenarios and possible design solutions, in relation to the dynamics of the natural system and the objectives to be pursued within a framework of sustainability.
Using appropriate language, both in the written description, both in verbal communication, in relation to the issues identified and the solutions under consideration.

Oral examination with assessment (together with the form of Earth Resources) thirty.

Colloquio orale sugli argomenti affrontati nelle lezioni. Relazione individuale sull'escursione interdisciplinare obbligatoria.

General Elements. Basic concepts: environment, environmental indicators, commodities, natural resources, natural assets. Environmental sustainability. Dynamic relationships between the components of the natural environment: the
environment as a system. Major environmental problems and causes generating. Sustainability of development processes. Man - environment relationship. Physical resources. Atmosphere and climate, water, soil: aspects concerning the protection
and management. Factors and causes of degradation and destruction (excess withdrawal, consumption, pollution) and effects on the functionality of the environmental systems. Examples: erosion; desertification; climate change; pollution; loss of biodiversity; etc.. Effects on the human population. Waste issue.
Biological resources Biodiversity: analysis and description. Dimensions of Biodiversity. Function of biodiversity in the ecological balance. Agriculture and
ranching. Seas and inland waters. The major terrestrial biomes. Rare species, red list, minimum viable population. Genetic problems, territorial, and so on. Extinction.
Protection of ecosystems and their functionality. Conservation of biodiversity. Conservation in and ex-situ. International agreements. Geosite and geoconservation. Applicative aspects Work on the concept of landscape (definitions, components, aspects, and systemic complexity). Landscape Ecology (notes). Ecotones. Planning and management of parks and protected areas: various
problems. Function of parks and protected areas, museums, botanical and zoological gardens. Databases nature. Cartography nature. The spatial planning and ecological planning. Environmental policies and conservation of areas with a high degree of
naturalness. Work on the legislation (regional, national, community, different
conventions). EIA. Introductory seminar and thematic analysis (for field trips).
Mandatory field trips (3 days). Final Report.

Fanfani (1997) - Principi di conservazione della natura. CESI.
D.R. B. Primack, L. Carotenuto (2003) – Conservazione della natura.
Zanichelli
R.Massa, V. Ingegnoli (1999) - Biodiversità, estinzione e conservazione.
UTET Libreria.